Operating system new and old one Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 2

Working framework new and old one - Essay Example Surely, the development of OS connects with the development in IT and PC needs. Instances of old activity framework incorporate Admiral Operating framework for Honeywell 800/1800, Atlas I Supervisor that presented framework calls and virtual stockpiling for the primary PC. We likewise have the SCOPE working frameworks created during the 1960s that empowered bunch handling and the MACE working framework for sharing time. The Michigan Terminal System (MTS) and MUSIC/SP are likewise instances of old OS produced for early PCs like IBM. Be that as it may, the unpredictability of new equipment and application programs prompted the advancement of new OS. In reality, the old OS needed significant highlights that are available in new OS, for example, the ability to run outsider applications and numerous applications without a moment's delay. Instances of new OS incorporate Microsoft Windows, Android, IBM z/OS, Mac OS X, iOS, and Linux (Computer Hope 1). Most new OS embrace a touchscreen input plan since it applies to versatile gadgets. Quite, Microsoft Windows is the most predominant OS utilized in PCs, IBM, and cell phones (Computer Hope 1). The Apple Mac OS applies just in Apple PC working framework and on Macintosh PCs while Android OS is pertinent in all Android good telephones (Computer Hope 1). Additionally, Linux is another OS material in PC and IBM good PCs while iOS works with the Apple iPhone (Computer Hope 1). Prominently, the decision of an OS relies upon the equipment however all working frameworks offer a graphical UI that involves a work area and the ability to oversee documents and envelopes. The early OS grasped assorted variety where experts created different OS to apply in a particular centralized server PC. Notwithstanding, the old OS had diverse order models, working conventions, and working instruments. The advancement of new PCs and equipment came about to the presentation of new OS where the specialists balanced, retested, and rebuilt the applications to suit the new OS. The new OS

Origin of Science and the Crusade

In any case, when we take a gander at the historical backdrop of the world Egyptian, Greeks, Roman, Persian, Mongolia, Saracen, British, Dutch, Portuguese, Chinese, Indian and any others had been the super force in various times of the history. However when we talk anyone about a logical Inventions and disclosures or significant jump In the logical improvement generally tent to point their fingers towards the Europe on the off chance that It Is before eighteenth century and towards the USA in the event that it is following 1 ninth century. This kind of conduct is where it counts in our brains. In any case, is this correct?If all in all, why the non-European countries were super force? For this I think we need to take a Journey throughout the entire existence of Science from the early Egyptians. In this short article I might want to take a journey session the causes of science, where there the history had been covered with numerous control and misguided judgment. As indicated by numer ous individuals on the planet the science was started by Greeks and was created by the post renaissance Europe. As a similar time all the extraordinary societies like Persian, Egyptian, Chinese and Indian did not understand with respect to the science.But when we take a gander at the historical backdrop of these civic establishments we can see how evolved they were in the history. Egyptians were one of the early races before Greeks who were created in the Science. They were knowledgeable In life structures (for craftsmanship), cosmology and crystal gazing, which ere indivisibly connected in old Egypt, science and veterinary medication, science, topography, geography, history, law, geometry, medication, mineralogy, pedagogy(education), theory, material science, humanism and religious philosophy [1]. Water system plan of Nile, tall standing pyramids and the mummies are some case of logical accomplishment of the Egyptians.Geometry was applied in the Egypt for charge purposes before the alleged Euclid of Greece composed the book of The Elements. Here comes another control of History again as Euclid. Numerous course books allude Euclid was a white male in the long run from Greece and ivied in Alexandria around three century B. C. In any case, no such individual was alive on this mother earth. The writer of this book is a dark lady from Alexandria who lived around fifth century C. E. [2] From these contentions we can guarantee that the Greek were not the first to start the Science.Now how about we think about the improvement of Science. On the off chance that we think about the controlled variant of the science history, we get a wide clear range of time from the Greek human progress to the renaissance Europe. Where were the content and the wellsprings of these logical hypotheses and formulae? Is it true that they were 2 Origin of Science and the campaigns I Mohamed Gammy Shifter_209110164 covered in the Mount Olympus? No. They were made an interpretation of arrested by another human advancement which have added to the a significant number of the logical turn of events and not credited to it.Yes it was taken into the guardianship by Islamic Civilization. They hold these writings of Greek until the campaigns [2]. The west cases that the Muslim just deciphered crafted by Greek and protected it. They never developed the thoughts in the content. This contention is ludicrous. The Muslims for all intents and purposes governed from the shore Atlantic Ocean to the visitors of China. Also, they Just protected these writings which cost a fortune with the papyrus innovation. Numerous books from Baghdad Library were crushed by the attack of Mongols over Jeremiah on thirteenth century C. E.But the commitments of All Bin Sins (Vicuã ±a) †whose â€Å"The Book of Healing† was course book for medication in numerous medieval universities[3], Legalize Bin al Haitian, Jabber receptacle Hays, AAA Affair, Muhammad canister Carrying al Razz, Bin al-Naifs were unavoidable in the logical history. All canister Shall Arabian al-Tabor was an Islamic researcher, doctor and analyst of Zoroastrian plummet, who created one of the principal reference books of medication. Indeed, even the number framework we utilized today was presented frameworks Let's have brief a look on different human advancements which added to the science.Like the peak on the peacocks head, similar to the pearl in the cobra's hood, so stands arithmetic Oat the leader of the considerable number of sciences. Vided writing of Indian Culture is loaded with ideas of zero, the methods of polynomial math and calculation, square root and 3D shape root. Seemingly, the beginnings of Calculus lie in India 300 years before Leibniz and Newton. Mathematical hypotheses was created by Rapacity who lived in fifth century C. E. ND another mathematician Backbencher's was the first to was the first to think about differential analytics in twelfth century. A large portion of us know about Roman numerals.Think you are sitting in a class doing Calculus utilizing Roman numerals. You will compose 1788 in Roman numerals it will be ANTICLIMACTIC. You even can't consider doing math by utilizing this number framework. From this we can presume that analytics was not created or utilized in early Europe. Old Indian's advancement in science was additionally in a more elevated level and utilized in an assortment of viable exercises. In any early progress, metallurgy has stayed a movement key to all developments from the Bronze Age and the Iron Age, to every single other human advancement that followed Indian accomplished the more elevated level of metallurgy.By the side of Stub Minor in New Delhi, there is an iron column raised during Array Guppy period around 500 AD. This column is 7. 32 meters tall, and has a perimeter of 40 CM in the base and 30 CM at the top. It has been remaining in the open for most recent 1500 years, withstanding the breeze, warmth and climate, yet at the same time has not rusted, aside from minor normal disintegration. This sort of rust confirmation iron (steel) was found not very many decades fore by blending carbon in with iron [4]. 3 moreover, the Chinese Dynasty in the Far East was creating black powder, paper and setting up printing presses.Moreover, the Calendar framework was presented by Amman progress that is well known for foreseeing end times of the earth. From the above contentions, one can reason that science was not just started from Greece and it began generally. At that point how did the story â€Å"Science was begun in Greece† became possibly the most important factor? In addition, where was it begun? These inquiries can be replied in two basic words â€Å"Church† and â€Å"Power†. From the time hen the state and the congregation combine, Church started the program of twisting history to advance its power.This innovation of deception was currently applied to â€Å"manage† regular perceptio ns[5]. During the campaigns, church caught numerous content and tent to utilize them. In any case, philosophical perspectives would not permit them to utilize a Muslim information. Along these lines, they controlled their kin by saying that the information Arab had was had a place with Greeks. Middle Easterners Just protected it. This story empowered the colleges in Europe to utilize interpreted Arabic books without negating their philosophy. Be that as it may, on the Arabs side, it was an alternate story.They assembled Batty al Hickman (House of Wisdom) in Baghdad; they accumulated information from everywhere throughout the world, including India, Persia and China. They surely didn't confine themselves to Greek Arabs just had sources to Greeks. So all the information which was procured from Batty al Hickman in Baghdad turned into the Greeks, So did all the logical developments and disclosures. This hypothesis is being advanced by numerous researchers of the present as well. Here is a model from Lost in the Cosmos by Walker Percy â€Å". .As Whitehead brought up, it is no fortuitous event that science sprang, not from Ionian mysticism, not from theBrahmins-Buddhist-Taoist East, not from the Exceptionally prophetic South, however from the core of the Christian West, that despite the fact that Galileo dropped out with the Church, he would scarcely experience taken so much difficulty considering Jupiter and dropping articles from towers if the truth and worth and request of things had not first been given by confidence in the Incarnation. † [6]. So anybody from any nation has the option to state that their progenitors were additionally one of the pioneers of the science. It is time face the â€Å"West just hypothesis'. The Europeans colonized our nations as well as our training system.They left our nations quite a while in the past. Presently the time has come to decolonize our training framework. Furthermore, the manner in which we think. 4 References [1 ]Dunn. Antiquated Egyptian Science recovered from http://www. Torturers. Net/featureless/sciences . HTML [2] Raja, C. K. Euclid and Jesus. Multiversity. [3] http://www. Zeal. Organization/[4] Science, Medicine, Technology in Ancient India recovered from http://www. Crystalline. Com/obscenities. HTML [5] Raja, C. K. Is science western in inception?. Multiversity. [6] Percy, W. Lost in the Cosmos recovered from http://www. Columbia. Deed/sign/Augustine/a/science_origin. HTML 5

Can a Cash Advance Actually Help Your Credit

Can a Cash Advance Actually Help Your Credit Can a Cash Advance Actually Help Your Credit? Can a Cash Advance Actually Help Your Credit?Cash advances just show up as normal credit card purchases on your credit report.When you’re in a financial bind and you need some quick cash, taking out a cash advance on your credit card can be an okay solution. Sure, they don’t come with the ludicrously high interest rates and short repayment terms of a payday loan, but they’re still much costlier than just maintaining an emergency fund.If you’re living paycheck to paycheck, you should also consider how a cash advance will affect your credit score. After all, a higher score will lead to lower (i.e. better) interest rates down the line, which means a rosier financial outlook overall.But how does a cash advance affect your credit score? Is there a chance that it could even help your score in the long run?A cash advance is a loan you take out on your credit card.When you make a normal purchase on your credit card, that amount you spend is added to your total balance. The same is tr ue when you take out a cash advance, the only difference being that you receive cash instead of a purchased item. If you were to take out a $60 advance, you would receive $60 in cash and $60 would be added to your total balance.When it comes to repaying your cash advance, nothing changes from how you would regularly pay down your balance. Ideally, you should pay off your balance in full every month, but your monthly minimum payments would only marginally increase with a cash advance added to your total versus a regular purchase.A cash advance is convenient, but it’s much more expensive than just using your card.However, there are some very important differences between cash advances and regular credit card transactions. For one, a cash advance comes with a higher interest rate than normal transactions. The difference will vary from card to card and from customer to customer, but the average credit card APR  is a bit over 16 percent while the average cash advance APR is almost 24 percent. That’s a big difference.Second, there is no way to avoid paying interest on a cash advance. With a standard credit card transaction, there is a 30-day grace period before interest starts to accrue. This is why it’s so important to pay your credit card off every month; it means borrowing money interest-free! But with a cash advance, interest starts accruing immediately. While it’s still a good idea to pay off your cash advance as soon as you can, there’s just no way to avoid paying interest.Lastly, you’ll typically get charged a fee for taking out a credit card cash advance. And it’s not a tiny fee either. The average cash advance fee is usually something like $10 or 5 percent, whichever is higher. That means that a $500 cash advance would cost $25 right off the bat!Does a cash advance have any effect on your credit score?Luckily, a cash advance won’t have any real effect on your credit. They aren’t recorded separately from other credit card transactions on y our credit report, so the credit scoring algorithms have no way of knowing what’s a cash advance and what’s a regular transaction. All they’ll see is a higher credit card balance.If you’re sensing a “but” coming, you are correct. Because, while cash advances won’t get noted on your credit score, a higher credit card balance will get noted and could possibly hurt your score if it grows too large. Your total amounts owed makes up 30 percent of your credit score, so taking out $1,000 cash advance and adding that thousand dollars to your balance could definitely lower your score.And a cash advance definitely won’t help your score. Taking out additional debt and paying more money towards interest just means higher balances and less room in your budget to pay them down. In theory, paying off a cash advance would help your score since it will get noted in your payment history (which makes up 35 percent of your score) but it’s not really going to have any effect. Failing t o pay your bill on time, however, will have an immediate negative effect.Some “cash advance” loans are actually payday loans in disguise.There are several types of no credit check loans that like to call themselves “cash advance” loans, possibly to make them seem more like credit card cash advances. But don’t be fooled.While some bad credit loans, particularly installment loans, can be a useful way to cover emergency expenses, predatory no credit check loans  are anything but. These loans come with much higher interest rates and significantly shorter payment terms, and they pose a much greater risk to your financial future.These loans are typically payday loans or title loans, which can carry annual interest rates anywhere between 250 and 500 percent. They’re meant to be paid back in a single lump sum payment, usually only a few weeks to a month after the loan was first borrowed. These factorsâ€"high rates and short termsâ€"can make these loans exceptionally hard to pay back on-time.These predatory “cash advance loans” could really hurt your score.Here’s the thing: These lenders don’t mind that. In fact, they stand to make a lot more money this way! If you can’t pay their cash advance loan back on time, they can let you roll the loan overâ€"extending the due date in return for paying additional fees and interest. The more you roll the loan over, the more money the lender makes, all without the customer getting any closer to paying off the original loan.While most of these lenders don’t report their loans to the credit bureausâ€"meaning that the loans themselves won’t affect the borrower’s credit scoreâ€"the cycle of debt that these loans can create will certainly affect a person’s creditworthiness. More money going towards interest on a payday loan means less money for other bills and necessary living expenses. Defaulting on your gas bill because you rolled over your payday loan will ding your score for sure!Plus, defaulting on a sketchy bad credit loan could mean getting sent to collections. And that collections agency will definitely report you to the credit bureaus. It’s pretty much a lose-lose!While credit card cash advances are far from a perfect financial solutionâ€"and will not help raise your credit scoreâ€"they are far preferable to “cash advance loans” that are really just payday loans in disguise.To learn about some ways that you can actually improve your credit score, check out these related posts and articles from OppLoans:How to Fix Your Bad Credit in 2018An Apple a Day Keeps the Bad Credit Away*Why You Should NOT Close That Old Credit CardHave you ever had a cash advance drop your score?  We want to hear from you!  You can  email us  or you can find us on  Facebook  and  Twitter.

The Problem Of Poor Birth Outcomes - 1680 Words

The Problem of Poor Birth Outcomes Preterm birth (PTB) and low birth weight (LBW) are the leading causes of neonatal morbidity, mortality, and disabilities (Swamy, Ostbye, Skjaerven, 2008; Wilson-Costello, Friedman, Minich, Fanaroff, Hack, 2005). These poor birth outcomes are costly. In fact, in 2001 LBW and PTB hospital expenses in the United States were approximately $5.8 billion (Russell et al., 2007). Furthermore, they comprised 27% of pediatric stays and 47% of all infant hospitalization (Russell et al., 2007). When considering total cost, such as long-term expense of special education service and lost productivity, preterm birth is estimated to be $26.2 billion dollars (Behrman Butler, 2007). In order to lessen the cost of poor birth outcomes, the U.S. healthcare system should begin to incorporate aspects of preventative care at the level of maternal health. Current System of Neonatal Interventions Rather than Prevention Before proposing policy, it is important to understand the context of prenatal care and the current U.S. health care delivery system. Viewed as an accomplishment, infant mortality rates in the U.S. have declined (Lantos, 2001). Upon a closer examination of how this is achieved, it becomes apparent that reduction in infant mortality has been through neonatal interventions, such as the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). 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How to Conjugate and Use the English Verb Draw

Nobel Laureate Gabriel Garcia Marquez a Champion for Latin...

The works of the late 1982 Columbian literary Nobel Laureate Gabriel Garica Marquez reflect not only the sentiments of postcolonial Columbians, but also the surreal realities lived by Latin Americans in the New World. This surreal reality is what Marquez has become synonymous with — magic realism. The literary genre, magic realism, can be found in Marquez’s books and short stories such as 100 Years of Solitude and â€Å"A Very Old Man with Enormous Wings†. Literary critics and audience alike have marveled at how Marquez masterfully connected the ethereal and the mundane with such precision in diction and syntax that the narratives seem more than commonplace but actually feasible and tangible. In Marquez’s Nobel Prize Lecture, he champions the†¦show more content†¦Foremost, in the early 1980s, Latin America was still in need of assistance and they were fighting for survival economically amid a massive economic depression. After the occupation of po wer by militant dictators in the mid-20th century, most Spanish-speaking countries, particularly Cuba like Columbia, experienced economic hardship both from internal and external powers. Additionally, the passage contends the concept that Latin America is in a state of solitude, in which leads to a form of solidarity amongst the Latin American community. Furthermore, he also argues that whites figuratively use the yard stick to measure the capabilities of Latin America. The points of this lecture capitalize on his beliefs and concepts while contending that his work exemplify the experiences of the Latin American. Marquez’s lecture promulgates Marquez’s notion that with solitude came their undefined, mythical culture. In fact, Marquez’s experiences as a child with his grandparents solidify that notion. Marquez’s grandmother raised him and in his childhood she told him fantastical stories; likewise, Marquez’s grandfather raised him, too, and told him horrific stories of his experience fighting in the Thousand Days War. Both accounts inspired Marquez’s magic realism and the significance of the stories asserts itself in the Nobel Laureate’s discussion of Latin culture and politics. As Marquez discusses Latin culture in his lecture he affirms his notion of solitude birthing

Who Will I Be free essay sample

Dumbledore advises Harry Potter, â€Å"It does not do well to dwell on dreams and forget to live.† Of the many lessons I’ve learned through my journey with J.K. Rowling’s Harry Potter series, I cherish this as the most important one. Imagination and dreams have always had my back. I can find stories where there are none. But for some time, those stories were all I dwelled on. I lacked a vision of where those dreams and stories could take me. At the dinner table, I never really relished the question, â€Å"Arushi, what do you want to be when you grow up?† No answer ever crossed my mind. But eighteen months ago at a highly competitive summer college program, a vision for my future began to crystallize. Working with my highly motivated peers on intense projects, connecting with innovative and unique undergraduate students, and enjoying a glimpse of the fruitful world of a college student revealed to me the rewards of a focused future. We will write a custom essay sample on Who Will I Be or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page As I advanced to 11th grade the following month, I ceased to view school as a static day-to-day activity. Exposure to the incredible diversity of interests among the students at the program helped me find my own true calling and hone my own interest – marketing. I realized that advertising a product was all about telling its story, a concept the storyteller in me was all too familiar with. I joined my school’s marketing organization (DECA), refining my skills by competing at the district, state, and international levels. I especially enjoyed competing in cases about movies, envisioning each movie’s development process to organize advertising strategies mirroring its theme. My newfound love for marketing fueled me to campaign for an officer position within our DECA chapter, securing the position of Vice President for two consecutive years. Marketing became my vehicle for storytelling, and I decided the most exciting future would incorporate both my passions. As I sit down at the dinner table today, I eagerly anticipate the question, â€Å"Arushi, what do you want to be when you grow up?† Just as Harry Potter’s friendships and skills helped him on his journey to overcome a foe, my journey of new experiences and skills is valuable. I call upon my favorite acquaintances – Imagination and Dreams, and my new friend Focus – as I answer, â€Å"I am going to be a Consulting Producer at a movie studio.† â€Å"It does not do well to dwell on dreams and forget to live.† I haven’t yielded dwelling on dreams. My imagination and dreams inspire my inner storyteller to write. But I have not forgotten to live. I channel my imagination and dreams while focusing on a career goal, a career where dreaming and marketing skills will make life the perfect dream itself.

Into The Depths Of A Black Hole Essays - Black Holes, Event Horizon

Into the Depths of A Black Hole Everyday we look out upon the night sky, wondering and dreaming of what lies beyond our planet. The universe that we live in is so diverse and unique, and it interests us to learn about all the variance that lies beyond our grasp. Within this marvel of wonders our universe holds a mystery that is very difficult to understand because of the complications that arise when trying to examine and explore the principles of space. That mystery happens to be that of the ever clandestine, black hole. This essay will hopefully give you the knowledge and understanding of the concepts, properties, and processes involved with the space phenomenon of the black hole. It will describe how a black hole is generally formed, how it functions, and the effects it has on the universe. In order to understand what exactly a black hole is, we must first take a look at the basis for the cause of a black hole. All black holes are formed from the gravitational collapse of a star, usually having a great, massive, core. A star is created when huge, gigantic, gas clouds bind together due to attractive forces and form a hot core, combined from all the energy of the two gas clouds. This energy produced is so great when it first collides, that a nuclear reaction occurs and the gases within the star start to burn continuously. The Hydrogen gas is usually the first type of gas consumed in a star and then other gas elements such as Carbon, Oxygen, and Helium are consumed. This chain reaction fuels the star for millions or billions of years depending upon the amount of gases there are. The star manages to avoid collapsing at this point because of the equilibrium achieved by itself. The gravitational pull from the core of the star is equal to the gravitational pull of the gases forming a type of orbit, however when this equality is broken the star can go into several different stages. Usually if the star is small in mass, most of the gases will be consumed while some of it escapes. This occurs because there is not a tremendous gravitational pull upon those gases and therefore the star weakens and becomes smaller. It is then referred to as a White Dwarf. If the star was to have a larger mass however, then it may possibly Supernova, meaning that the nuclear fusion within the star simply goes out of control causing the star to explode. After exploding a fraction of the star is usually left (if it has not turned into pure gas) and that fraction of the star is known as a neutron star. A black hole is one of the last option that a star may take. If the core of the star is so massive (approximately 6-8 solar masses; one solar mass being equal to the sun's mass) then it is most likely that when the star's gases are almost consumed those gases will collapse inward, forced into the core by the gravitational force laid upon them. After a black hole is created, the gravitational force continues to pull in space debris and other type of matters to help add to the mass of the core, making the hole stronger and more powerful. Most black holes tend to be in a consistent spinning motion. This motion absorbs various matter and spins it within the ring (known as the Event Horizon) that is formed around the black hole. The matter keeps within the Event Horizon until it has spun into the centre where it is concentrated within the core adding to the mass. Such spinning black holes are known as Kerr Black Holes. Most black holes orbit around stars due to the fact that they once were a star, and this may cause some problems for the neighbouring stars. If a black hole gets powerful enough it may actually pull a star into it and disrupt the orbit of many other stars. The black hole could then grow even stronger (from the star's mass) as to possibly absorb another. When a black hole absorbs a star, the star is first pulled into the Ergosphere, which sweeps all the matter into the Event Horizon, named for it's flat horizontal appearance and because this happens to be the place where mostly all the action within the black hole occurs. When the star is passed on into the Event Horizon the light that the star

A Modernization of Machiavellis The Prince essays

A Modernization of Machiavellis The Prince essays Machiavelli's The Prince has long been used and studied as a manual for those who are already in power or for those who wish to have power. Through rational thinking about political power, Machiavelli is the authoritative source on how one should lead and govern. To illustrate his points, Machiavelli uses many examples of leadership from his life and some from history before 1469. To many readers however these examples are not of relevance anymore because the examples are so dated. To bring the influence back into The Prince, we must put the work into a more modern context. In chapter 16, Machiavelli debates on whether it is better to be liberal or stingy in governing. In a leader both of these traits can be either beneficial or detrimental to leadership. Liberalism, if stopped, can cause those who one governs to believe that they are now stingy. Liberality is most dangerous for those already in power. The French Revolution, some would argue, started because of this scenario. When the French government got into outstanding debt the aristocracy turned to the people to bail them out. When the people were reluctant to this agreement with the noble classes, the middle class pleaded its case for economic reforms to help the government. When their requests were met, the people revolted. People live in the present and do not look to the past very well. Machiavelli concludes that leaders must start out stingy and work their liberality to their advantage. One who is seen as stingy on moment can make one gesture and be thought liberal and gain presti ge from those they govern. In chapter 17 of The Prince, the discussion revolves around whether it is better to be feared or loved as a leader. Although all princes should strive for both, Machiavelli concludes that it is much better to be feared than loved. Many countries today use fear to control their population and rule effectively. Iraq's current dictator, Saddam Hussei ...

International Business. Crises and Exchange rate Essay

International Business. Crises and Exchange rate - Essay Example Even if there is no monetary agency, a government can create an inflation/debt crisis by excessive spending financed by domestic and international borrowing. Mutatis mutandis, the same considerations apply to a central bank that has the same degree of strictness as the currency board. (Betts, C. and Devereux, M, 2000) Second, world securities markets might crash as, for example, in October 1987 or in the October 1989 mini-crash. Many countries' central banks expanded their stocks of high-powered money to provide liquidity to markets as investors fled from equities and corporate bonds and to high-quality assets such as U.S. T-bills and T-bonds. A currency board is ill-equipped to handle this type of crisis. At a time when it need to increase liquidity by expanding the domestic supply of money, a currency board is likely to have domestic currency presented for conversion to the reserve currency, as international investors who fled to U.S. government securities did in the 1987 and 1989 crises. This flight reduces the stock of domestic currency as well as that part of the country's international reserves that the currency board holds. In turn, domestic banks are less willing to provide liquid assets, and depositors are more interested in holding the reserve currency directly (or liabilities of the re serve-currency country). (Jan Winiecki, 2002). A domestic monetary agency parallel to the currency board might expand liquidity, as measured by the domestic money stock, through open market operations. There may well be a flight from domestic assets to reserve currency assets. The monetary agency can preserve the exchange rate by selling reserve currency obtained from selling its own liquid holdings denominated in the reserve currency or by borrowing reserve-currency assets, either commercially from foreign banks or from the reserve-currency central bank. A small country with only a brief track record and low international holdings will likely find it difficult to preserve the exchange rate parity; a monetary agency that has the holdings and power to preserve the parity is likely also to have the power to undercut currency board discipline over monetary and fiscal policy. Disturbances to Equilibrium Real Exchange Rates Third, the currency to which the board pegs may come under pressure from output market disturbances in the reserve-currency country. An example is the pressure on the European Exchange Rate Mechanism (ERM) after German reunification to either revalue the German mark or devalue the other ERM currencies relative to the German mark. The interpretation of the September 1992 and July-August 1993 crises in the European Monetary System is that they arose in substantial part from the reunification of Germany. German aggregate demand rose substantially more than German aggregate supply. This increase caused upward pressure on German interest rates (with some observers arguing that the increase in interest rates was exacerbated by German reluctance to use taxes rather than bond issuance to finance the

What is the globalization and impact of drug trafficking Research Paper

What is the globalization and impact of drug trafficking - Research Paper Example e international consumption increasing greatly, the people engaged in the administration have also participated in this trade forgetting about the negative impacts it imparts on the general population and hampering the future. Although in the recent years genuine efforts have been given on reducing the drug trafficking by focusing on the supply side, demand side in this paper is highlighted as a more important dimension for attaining solutions. Intensification of the term ‘globalization’ is indeed a dominant phenomenon unleashing its practicability in diversified gesture from the second half of the twentieth century to the instance we are standing today1. Technically speaking, theme of globalization encompasses around the notion that, nation states are intertwined with information exchange along with amalgamating culture, religion, tradition, business practices and so on2. Now within the domain of business perspective globalization among its multifarious dimensions imparts a significant part. Globalization has brought many opportunities but at the same time has imposed a lot of critical challenges and adverse effects. Drug trafficking is one such arena where the adverse effects of globalization has made its full interventions. Rational individuals are required to be bestowed with tasks of analyzing, understanding as well as harnessing the benefits for eliminating the negative consequences that come with it. Th e paper will be discussing the negative impacts of globalization with respect to drug trafficking (special emphasis on Latin American countries) with an attempt to find out potential solution to curb down its evil effects. From theoretical perspectives globalization can be visualized as a platform where the private organizations are operating in a global forefront with a disciplined behavior with equilibrium occurring at the intersecting point of demand and supply curves. Similarly it can be stated that the market of illicit drugs and its trafficking

Experiment of Long Term Memory Retention

Experiment of Long Term Memory Retention Abstract: The purpose of this study was to test the retention of long term memory based on retrieval environments. Our research is based on Godden and Baddeley’s (1976) study that focused on the relationship between retrieval environments and learning. The technique known as context-dependency –which is defined as â€Å"the belief that what is learnt in a given environment is best recalled in that environment† –is tested and compared to previous research (Godden Baddeley, 1975). An experiment was conducted at Foundation Campus at the University of Central Lancashire with nine international student. Enlisting a repeated measures design and laboratory method, the participants are asked to learn and recall a list of 13 words in the same environment, then they were asked to learn and recall another list of 13 words in two different locations. The results corroborate and support the context-dependency memory effect. Introduction: This experiments is about assessing the effect of retrieval environments when it comes to long term memory (LTM) recall. LTM is described as stored information that can be recalled over a long period of time –e.g. days, weeks, etc. (Merriam-Webster, (2015). Godden and Baddeley (1995) decided to conduct an experiment to test this notion –also known as context-dependency memory effect. Context-dependency memory effect is defined as â€Å"the belief that what is learnt in a given environment is best recalled in that environment† (Godden Baddeley, 1975). The aim of Godden and Baddeley’s research was to examine the association between learning and retrieval environments (Cardwell, Clark, and Meldrum, 2008:11). In order to carry out their experiment, Godden and Baddeley decided to enlist eighteen participants who were divers in Oban, Scotland (Cardwell, Clark, and Meldrum, 2008:11). Furthermore, the divers were instructed to learn a list of forty distinct words on land or, fifteen feet under water (Cardwell, Clark, and Meldrum, 2008:11). They were then asked to recall these words in a different location or in the same location (Cardwell, Clark, and Meldrum, 2008:11). Specifically, half of the divers were directed to a different location when the time came for memory recollection, while the other half remain in the same environment for memory recollection (Cardwell, Clark, and Meldrum, 2008:11). When partaking in Godden and Baddeley’s experiment, the list of 40 words were revealed to participants in groups –this all owed the divers to assume a relaxed/comfortable breathing rate in order to assure that the participants faced no obstacles when learning (Godden Baddeley, 1975). Additionally, each the list of words were revealed in blocks of three, and, the words were spaced at two second intervals (Godden Baddeley, 1975). When asked to recall, Godden and Baddeley found that â€Å"those who learned and recalled in the same location remembered the most words -12.5 on average† (Cardwell, Clark, and Meldrum, 2008:11). According to the aforementioned graph, Godden and Baddeley found that when participant learned on land an recalled the information under water, they could only recall -on average -8.6 words, while those who learned under water and recalled the words land, only remembered 8.4 words on average (Godden Baddeley, 1975). This study –based on Godden and Baddeley’s research in 1975 – will examine and delve into the connection between learning and retrieval environments. This study will utilize students with diversified ethnic backgrounds and ages. Contrary to Godden and Baddeley’s research, it will use two lists of thirteen simple words -–all within one to three syllables –in order to ensure comprehension. Aim: To examine the connection between learning and retrieval environments using Godden and Baddeley’s study on context-dependency retrieval. Hypothesis: Memory recollection in the same environment in which information was learned will yield higher recollections among participants. The hypothesis for this experiment is directional, meaning the independent variable (the retrieval location/environment) will directly affect the dependent variable (the accuracy/amount of words recalled). Method: Design A controlled laboratory experiment was utilised to elucidate a distinct cause and effect relationship between the independent and dependent variables. A controlled laboratory also enabled immense control over variables within the experiment, it also permitted unproblematic replication for future researchers and easy utilisation of equipment –e.g. videos, etc. A repeated measures design was employed in order to negate/remove differences that numerous samples would possess. Due to this design, differences in gender, linguistic ability, comprehension and age were avoided. The independent variable in this experiment was the retrieval environment or location in which the participant were asked to recall the words –i.e. the classroom or the canteen. The dependent variable was the quantity of words the participant could recall in each environment/location. A confounding variable could be the sound/noise of police cars driving past the laboratory environment. In agreement with research principles/ethics, written informed consent forms were distributed to all participants before this experiment commenced. Participants were given the right to withdraw at any time, and immense confidentiality with participant’s information and results was promised and delivered. Participants: There were ten participants –five male and four female participants. The participants were obtained from diversified backgrounds –non-native English speakers and English speakers. Participants that contributed to this experiment were between the ages of eighteen to forty-seven. An opportunity sample was enlisted for this experiment. This sample type allowed expediency when enlisting when procuring participants, it also enables replication for future research. Materials: Informed Consent (Appendix 1) Standardised Instructions (Appendix 2) Word List 1 (Appendix 3) Word List 2 (Appendix 4) Comical Video (Appendix 5) Procedure: Initially, the aforementioned materials were given to the participants. Secondly, in order to check for errors in our experiment, a pilot study was conducted to ensure validity in the experiment. After the pilot study, a classroom and canteen was procured for the experiment. A mixed-gender opportunity sample of nine individuals –ranging from 18 to 25 –was obtained and directed into the classroom. During this experiment, the participants were first given an informed consent form (Appendix 1), after signing and agreeing to the form, they were shown the standardised instructions (Appendix 2). After the standardised instructions, the participants were given a piece of paper –with â€Å"experiment 1† written on one side, and â€Å"experiment 2† written on the other side, -they were also given pens to document their answers. Firstly, the participants were then shown Word List 1 (Appendix 3), secondly, they were given one minute to study the words, then they were shown a four minute Comical Video (Appendix 6), and then they were given approximately one minute to write down the words they could recall. In the next stage of our experiment, the same participants were asked to flip their paper over, then they were given exactly one minute to study Word list 2 (Appendix 4), the participants they were asked to walk around the Vernon Building (located in the University of Central Lancashire’s campus) to a canteen. When the participants arrived at the canteen, they were promptly seated and given one minute to recall and write down the words they could recall in one minute. Results: The result of this experiment were harmonious to that of Godden and Baddeley’s in 1975. 66.67% of the participants recalled more words when their retrieval location was the same as the learning environment, while 11.11% percent of participants recalled more information when the recollection environment was not the same as the learning environment. Furthermore, 33.33% of the population recalled the same amount of words irrespective of the retrieval environment. These results were in accordance with the hypothesis and Godden and Baddeley’s research in 1975. The mean of the results was greatly corrupted by outliers with the sample’s results, in order to rectify this, the median was enlisted to portray a balanced assessment of the results. The median of recollection when the learning and recollection environments were the same is 9 words with a range of 6. When the learning and recollection were different, the median of the recollection data was 4, with a range of 9. Overall, it was quite evident that recollection in the same environment where information is learned yields better results. The results support context-dependency memory effect. Discussion: The result of this experiment were harmonies with Godden and Baddeley’s research, this fortified the immense reliability of their research, and proved that it could be replicated by others. The results of the experiment magnified the context-dependency memory effect, and supported the hypothesis: â€Å"Memory recollection in the same environment in which information was learned will yield higher recollections among participants.† A laboratory method was ideal for this experiment because it allowed for control over numerous variables, and, it permitted and enabled ease when measuring the dependent variable. Utilising a repeated measures design removed differences that individuals could possibly possess that would rob this experiment of credibility. It could also be argued that ‘the fatigue effect’ –which states that â€Å"work †¦[has] a general effect of running down the bodies limited energy supply† –adversely affected the participants recollection after walking around the Vernon Building (Hockey, 2013). Perhaps this is why only one out of the nine participants recalled more on the second experiment. The small sample size on nine indicates that this experiment is not generalizable to bigger populations. Albeit the sample had a plethora of nationalities and ages, this suggests that no definite proclamations can be made about nationality or age. Furthermore, a confounding variable could be the sound/noise of police cars driving past the laboratory environment, or, the limited linguistic ability of some participants. Any further research/study into this topic could be ameliorated by enlisting a grander sample size, or, using both locations as learning and retrieval environments; this provide a deeper insight into context-dependency memory effect. A longer list of words could also be employed to test retention in LTM. References: Cardwell, M., Clark, L. and Meldrum, C. (2008)Psychology AS For AQA A. 3rd edn. London: Harper Collins Publishers. Godden, D. R., Baddeley, A. D. (1975). Context-dependent memory in two natural environments: On land and underwater.British Journal of Psychology, 66(3), 325–331. Hockey, R. (2013) The Psychology of Fatigue: Work, Effort and Control. 1st edn. United Kingdom: Cambridge University Press. Jansen, I. (2015). Charlie Chaplin The Lions Cage. [online] YouTube. Available at: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=O2dmV2-zxNg [Accessed 10 Mar. 2015]. Merriam-webster, (2015). Definition of Long-term Memory. [online] Merriam-webster.com. Available at: http://www.merriam-webster.com/medical/long-term memory [Accessed 6 Mar. 2015]. Appendices Appendix 1 Appendix 2 Appendix 3 Appendix 4 Appendix 5 Comical Video provided and republished by Jansen (2015). Appendix 6

Broken Lives by Estelle Blackburn :: Character Analysis, Literary Analysis

The fourth Chapter of Estella Blackburn’s non fiction novel Broken lives â€Å"A Fathers Influence†, exposes readers to Eric Edgar Cooke and John Button’s time of adolescence. The chapter juxtaposes the two main characters too provide the reader with character analyses so later they may make judgment on the verdict. The chapter includes accounts of the crimes and punishments that Cooke contended with from 1948 to 1958. Cooke’s psychiatric assessment that he received during one of his first convictions and his life after conviction, marring Sally Lavin. It also exposes John Button’s crime of truancy, and his move from the UK to Australia. The chapter â€Å"A Fathers Influence† is constructed with several techniques including selection of detail, choice of language, characterization, structure and writers point of view to reveal Blackburn’s values of social acceptance, parenting, family love, and a father’s influence. Consequently revealing her attitude that a child’s upbringing and there parents influence alter the characterization of a child significantly. Blackburn’s choice of language is impetrative in positioning the reader to see Button as the Protagonist and Cooke as the antagonist. â€Å"The thirteen year old blinked and stammered when he tried to answer the magistrate’s questions about why he was wagging school†. The words â€Å"blinked and stammered† describing buttons actions encourage sympathy and an imagery of innocence. â€Å"But now he felt vengeful too. He wanted to spoil things a little for those happy people who didn’t suffer like he did†, the words â€Å"vengeful, and wanted to spoil† associated with Cooke’s thoughts, encourage a menacing, and revengeful imagery of Cooke.

New High School Principal Essay

I agree with many of the points Prager makes in â€Å"New High School Principal: A Speech every American High School Principal should Give.† It is absolutely time for a change to return back to the values and foundation our nation was built upon. It seems as though they have been gradually lost over the years. This is especially seen in the school system of America. In my opinion, the most shocking part of the article is when Prager states, â€Å"Now, please stand and join me in the Pledge of Allegiance to the flag of our country. As many of you do not know the words, your teachers will hand them out to you.† When United States citizens do not know the words, by heart, to honor their country, we know there is a serious problem. The main problem began when our country began to incorporate every other culture into our own culture. I agree with Prager’s idea that, â€Å"Your clubs will be based on interests and passions, not blood, ethnic, racial or other physically defined ties.† If the Gay Club wants to meet, that’s fine; however, the school should not have to be responsible for supporting it. School clubs should be based on education and the expansion of knowledge that leads to advancement in classes. Nowadays, school clubs have turned into nothing more than a social get-together. â€Å"I am reorienting the school toward academics and away from politics and propaganda. No more time will devoted to scaring you about smoking and caffeine†¦ No more semesters will be devoted to condom wearing and teaching you to regard sexual relations as only or primarily a health issue.† Who doesn’t know that smoking causes cancer and other potentially life threatening diseases? Who doesn’t know that abstinence is the only real way to prevent pregnancy? This is knowledge that every high school and middle school student already knows. Time that could be put towards mathematics, science, and arts is wasted on this information because parents have failed to teach their children personal responsibility so it is now the obligation of the teachers. Before the ideas in this article can be implemented upon the school system, they must first be carried out upon society. It is essential that our country return back to the ways our forefathers intended it to be. This is one based on the virtues of honesty, integrity, responsibility, and accountability. Until someone can take a stand and actually deliver this speech to every single school across America, I unfortunately do not see any change in the future.

Amy Tans Perception of Language - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 2 Words: 733 Downloads: 10 Date added: 2019/05/28 Category Literature Essay Level High school Tags: Mother Tongue Essay Did you like this example? A difficult part about becoming accustomed to another way of life when moving to a different country also includes learning the language of the country. Also how well you learn it and how you speak it. In Mother Tongue the author uses the Ethos, Pathos, and Logos persuasion methods to pull the reader into her claims. She also seems to get into a very defensive tone. She also uses this tone to persuade the readers. Through these different strategies she explains that the language barriers have limited success and prosperity levels to non-english speaking residents. Using logic and emotion, the author can more easily show her true feelings to the reader and reach out on a more personal level to persuade the reader. In the story she says to leave ones homeland and come into anothers alone is difficult. When she left she had different expectations for when she got her. Things like happiness, wealth, and new opportunities were expected upon leaving. Only to be disappointed by realizing that they are being profiled for their ethnicity and also their native language. The author discusses her own experience with her mother in the U.S. She also states that her friends can barely understand what her mother is saying. They describe it as if she is speaking an entire different language. But, to the author her own mother would sound perfectly normal because they come from the same background. By telling how she has to go through the troubles of her friends not being able to understand her mother this leads the audience to further understand the title of th e story, Mother Tongue Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Amy Tans Perception of Language" essay for you Create order When Tanrs mother had a CAT scan done at a hospital to further evaluate her the hospital didnt seem to care about getting her results back to her because they thought she might just go away. And when the doctor finally caller her daughter, me, who spoke perfect English and behold we had assurances the CAT scan would be found, promises that a conference call on monday be held, and apologies for any suffering my mother had gone through for a most regrettable mistake (Tan) As you can see the uses emotion to persuade the reader by talking about an upsetting experience where her mothers lack of speaking the English language. If Tanrs mother would not have had Tan to speak the proper English her sickness could potentially get worse with time. This shows the pathos method by making the audience feel sympathy for Tanrs mother. Tan also tries to use different tones in the passage to express her main idea. This also keeps the reader interested. If she would have kept the same tone throughout the entire reading the readers would start to lose interest. If she would have kept the same humor about the situation that she had at the beginning of the passage, the audience would not take her as serious. They would also get bored quickly with the passage and not want to continue reading. Changing tones throughout a passage is a common, highly effective, strategy used by many writers today. Tan also stated that she felt ashamed of her motherrs limited English. Tan states I know this for a fact, because when I was growing up, My motherrs limited English limited my perception of her. I was ashamed of her English. I believed that her English reflected the quality of what she had to say As her argument continues, Tan starts to become apologetic, this shows the reader that she found it difficult to look past her the lan guage barrier her mother had been trapped behind. As you can see, Tan successfully persuaded the reader to look at the discrimination showed to immigrants that are not as fluent in the native language in whatever country it may be. She also teaches the reader to be more considerate of others. Tan succeeds in doing this by using the Ethos, Pathos, and Logos persuasion methods. These methods also help Tan express her thoughts thoroughly. She also makes the reader feel the pain that the non-English speaking immigrants feel when they are treated different for not being fluent in a second language. To conclude, Amy Tan successfully persuaded the reader to overlook the language barriers that keep the non-English speaking immigrants of this country and all over the world from living with peace and happiness in their everyday lives.